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Adolf Paul (1863–1943) was a Swedish writer of novels and plays. He lived most of his adult life in Berlin, Germany, where he was a friend of Swedish writer August Strindberg, Finnish composer Jean Sibelius, Norwegian painter Edvard Munch and Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela.〔Toftegard Pedersen, Arne: Adolf Paul. Biografiskt Lexikon för Finland, available at http://www.sls.fi/blf/artikel.php?id=9524, accessed on December 7, 2011.〕 ==Biography== Paul was born on January 6, 1863 on Bromö, an island in lake Vänern in Sweden. At that time his last name was Wiedesheim-Paul. The family name hailed from a Preussian Major named Ludwig von Wiedesheim, born in Anhalt-Kothen, Germany and an Italian earl named Fernando Pollini (Pollini became Paul in German). When Paul was nine years old, the family moved to Jokioinen in Finland and added an "r" to Wiedersheim. Paul, his older sister, a younger sister and seven younger brothers grew up on a large estate his father managed.〔Wiedersheim Leo, The Wiedersheim Family Journal available at www.wiedersheim.com/family/WIEDERSHEIM_JOURNAL_2003.pdf, accessed on November 24, 2011.〕 Paul's father wanted him to become a farmer, and he first studied agriculture at Mustiala Agriculture Center in Tammela. After three years of studies, Paul's father let Paul manage a farm the father owned on the Ruissalo island outside Turku. Soon growing bored with farming, Paul decided to become an artist. In 1886 he began studying music in Helsinki. During this period he became a socialist and shed Wiedersheim from his surname. Studying at the Music Academy in Helsinki, he became a friend of Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. Both studied with the famous Italian composer and pianist Ferruccio Busoni, who brought them to Germany when he moved there from Helsinki in 1889.〔Hertz, John: Adolf Paul. ''Idun'' Magazine, No. 43 (878) October 24, 1903.〕 When Paul first arrived in Berlin the city was a cultural center that drew artists from all over Europe. Since it was further north than Paris, the other artist Mecca at this time, many Scandinavian artists were drawn to Berlin. Paul joined the Scandinavian artist community where in addition to Sibelius he counted Norwegian painter Edvard Munch, Swedish writer August Strindberg and artist Albert Engström among his friends. Paul is depicted in one of Edvard Munch’s paintings, ''The Vampire''. The painting shows a red-haired woman bending her head over the neck of a man hiding his face in her lap.〔Stang, Ragna: ''Edvard Munch mennesket og kunstneren.'' Aschehoug, 1977.〕 He is also portrayed in Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela’s ''The Symposium'', as the man who has fallen asleep on the table after a night of drinking. In the sketches preceding the final version, Paul is still awake, sitting at the table focusing his stare to the left of the viewer. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adolf Paul」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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